Cutter-grinding machine



F. MULLER.

CUTTER GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, IBIS.

Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVEN'I'OR Fm mm F. MULLER.

CUTTER GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 19l8.

INVENTOR. M Z5 8} 1427 W ATTORNEY 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

ionirirn snares earner ora ion.

FRIEDERICH Mlj'LLER, 0F HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO PRATT & WHITNEY COMPANY, OF NEW YORK. N. Y., A CORPORATION OF. NEW JERSEY.

CUTTER-GRINDING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

Application filed March 30, 1918. Serial No. 225,621.

To (iZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, FiimonmcrrMiiLLnR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gutter- (iirindinglilachines, of which the following is a specification. The invention relates to a grinding machine which is adapted to grind articles or blanks to predetermined sizes and shapes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated, the machine is adapted to grind milling cutters and to grind each tooth thereof so that its outer edge will conform to a predetermined contour. For this purpose use is made of an abutment and a former coiperating with the abutment to determine the contour. While the invention is not limited in all of its phases to a contour cutter grinding machine, or even to a plain cutter grinding machine, I will nevertheless, for the sake of convenience, use the word cutter in referring to the articles being ground. It will be understood, however, that this term, taken by itself, is not to be construed aslimiting the scope of the invention.

tine of the objects of the invention is to )ro'vide a machine of this class in which a letinite relationship is maintained between the abutment and the line at which the wheel engages the cutter notwithstanding changes in diameter of the wheel and notwithstanding relative vertical adjustment. Preterably also a similar definite relationship is maii'itained between the former and the cut ter tooth to be ground. A further object of the invention to provide a wheel dressing mechanism having a peculiar coi'iperative relationship with the other parts of the machine whereby the wheel may be dressed at the aforesaid line. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated, there is a fixed plane in which are located the edge face of the abutment, the wheel dressing tool and the line at which the wheel is dressed and at which it engages the cutter.

rinother object of the invention is to provide wheel oressing tool and a cutter support which are maintained in definite relationship to each other while relative adjust ment is effected between them and the grinding wheel.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby certain relative adjust ments may be made between the cutter support and the former and between the wheel and the dressing tool.

Still another object of the invention is to provide improved means for supporting and adjusting the dressing tool and the cutter support and the former in adjustable relationship to each other.

An additional object of the invention is to provide improved means for maintaining a uniform pressure between the former and the abument while relative movement is being eil'ected between the cutter and the wheel.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means for carrying the cutter support in such a way as to permit it to move relatively to the grinding wheel.

Still another object of the invention is to provide means whereby a plurality of formers are supported in such a way that any one of them can be used at will.

Additional objects of the invention will be apparent from the following specification and claims.

In the accompanying drawings 1 have shown the embodiment of the invention which I now deem preferable, but it will be understood that the drawings are intended merely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as defining or limiting the scope of the invention, the accompanying claims heing relied upon for that purpose.

(if the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a grinding machine embodying the invention, certain parts being broken away.

Fig. 2 is an end view taken from the left. certain parts being broken away and others shown in section.

Fig. 3 is a view on an enlarged scale, partly in elevation and partly in section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. l. is a front view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 33, certain parts being brok n away to expose other parts.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3, the cover being removed and certain parts being broken away to expose other parts.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section, showing the means for supporting the cutter to be ground.

The machine comprises a cutter support, preferably a former and an abutment therefor, a rotatable grinding wheel adapted to be located in a predetermined position preferably fixed in relation to the abuti'uent, and means supplemental to the cutter for determining the said predetermined position of the wheel. This means is preferably a dressing tool for the wheel positioned in predetermined relation to the abutment. The cutter support holds the on ter so that the teeth thereof may be engaged successively by the wheel. The grinding face of the wheel intersects the plane of the front face of each tooth along a predetermined line, this line being preferably fixed and the wheel being adjustable to maintain the said line in fixed position as the wheel diameter changes. A fixed relation is maintained between the abutment and the aforesaid line, the abutment being preferably in perpendicular alinenient with the line. Inasmuch as the abutment is in lined relation with the said line, this same relation must be established between the former and the cutter. The former and the cutter support are therefore relatively adjustable in order that this fixed relation may be brought about for cutters of different diametc l ihen a dressing tool is used, as is preferred, this tool is formed as a permanent part of the machine and is mounted to engage the gi1ndmg face of the wheel along the said predetermined or fixed line. The tool is thus ground along the same line at which it is effective for grindin The before mentioned adjustment of the wheel makes it possible for the wheel to be moved into engagement with the dressing tool, the tool itself being normally movable only along the aforesaid line.

I herein use the terms vertical. and horizontal in describing the several movements and adjustments of the parts. it will be understood that these teri s are used merely for the purpose of expressing the re lations of the several movements and adustments and are not to be construed literally as limiting the scope of the invention. shown at all [llbOL .4 lhe ready outlined so as to permit the cutter A to be engaged with the wheel and ground to the proper contour.

There is provided a main frame 8 upon which all of the other parts of the machine are supported. The Wheel is carried by rotatable spindle t mounted in suitable bearings in the bracket 5. The spindle 4 carries a belt pulley l around which a belt may pass to drive the spindle. In order that the wheel may be horizontally adjusted in parallelism forward or backward, the bracket 5 is secured to or formed as a part of a transverse slide 6 mounted on a guideway 7 on the top of the frame The slide 6 may be moved by means of a screw 8.

In order that relative vertical adjustment n'iay be effected between the cutter support and the wheel, 1 preferably provide means whereby the cutter support may be moved vertically, the wheel being fixed against vertical movemen support and associated parts are carried by a slide 9 which is adjustable along a vertical guideway 10. Vertical movement may be effected by means of a screw 11, this screw being connected through bevel gearing 1'2 with a horizontal shaft 13. This shaft 13 has a squared end by means of which rotative movement can be imparted to rotate the screw 11 and thus raise or lower the slide 9 and the parts carried thereby, including the cutter support. Preferably a horizontal longitudinal cross rail 1% is secured to the slide 9. A saddle 15 is longitudinally movable along the cross rail, this saddle carrying the cutter support by means intermei'liate devices to be described.

The cutter support is horizontally movable with respect to the saddle, preferably angularly. Mounted on the saddle 15 for swinging movement about a vertical axis is a turntable 16. Preferably the turntable 16 is also adjustable forward and backward with respect to the saddle. As illustrated, the saddle is provided with a transverse guideway in which is fitted a slide 17. This slide 1'? has a depending boss 18 provided with a vertical aperture in which is fitted a pivot stud 19 carried by the turntable 16. At the lower end of the boss 18 is a screw 20 having a conical end which engages the bottom of the stud 19 and serves as a bearing.

The turnable 16 is prov'ded near its top v 'th a transverse guideway in which is fitted a slide 21 adjustable by means of a screw 22. The slide can be locked in adjusted position by means of a screw con trolled by a handle 23. Carried by the slide 21 are the cutter arbor 2 and the other devices constituting the cutter support, as shown in Fig. 6. The cutter A is ad pted to be mounted on the arbor 2, be g spaced at the proper distance by means 11 of a washer 24-. A nut 25 serves to hold the As illustrated the cuttercutter in place. The cutter must be so positioned that the tooth to be ground is positioned with its front face at an angle to the grinding face of the wheel, the tooth face being horizontal in the present case as shown in Fig. 3. The teeth must be successively moved to this position as the grinding op eration proceeds, and I provide a stop mechanism for holding the cutter teeth successivelyin the grinding position. Preferably there is a finger 26 which is carried by a rocker 27 horizontally pivoted to a bracket 28 carried by the slide 21. A spring 29 tends to move the rocker 27 in the direction to hold the finger 26 in engagement with one of the cutter teeth. A resilient finger 30 is provided for engaging the back of one of the cutter teeth to prevent backward move ment of the cutter. lVith a cutter having twelve teeth, as shown, the cutter is adjusted to bring the face of the uppermost tooth into engagement with the finger 26, the finger 30 engaging the back of one of the other teeth. In this position the horizontal tooth adjacent the wheel is ground in the way to be presently described. Then the cutter is turned in the counter-clockwise direction so as to bring the next tooth into grinding position. The bracket 28 is vertically adjustable to accommodate cutters of different diameters. The bracket is provided with a vertical slot through which extends a bolt 31. By loosening this bolt the bracket may be moved vertically and then by tightening the bolt the bracket will be locked in adjusted position. It will be seen that the end of the finger 26 is moved vertically when the bracket 28 is moved, thus avoiding any necessity for the adjustment of the finger so long as cutters of the same number of teeth are to be ground.

As already stated, I provide a former to guide the grinding operation. The former is located vertically beneath the tooth which is to be ground, and it engages an abutmei'it which has a front or edge face in perpendicular alinement with the line of intersection between the surface of the wheel and the plane of the front face of the tooth to be ground. In other words, the position of the abutment is such that a line perpendicular to the plane of the tooth face and passing through the line of intersection with the wheel will also pass through the edge of the abutment. This abutment isindicated at 32, being carried by a stud 33 projecting upward from the saddle 15.

In order that the machine may be used for grinding cutters of various sizes and contours with the minimum inconvenience and loss of time, I provide a plurality of formers any one of which can be readily moved into operative position to engage the abutment 32. As illustrated, the turntable 16 carries a longitudinal rotatable spindle 3 1 which can be manually turned by means of a knurled wheel 35. Carried by the spindle 3a is an index wheel 36 having a series of radial apertures or notches any one of which may be engaged by a springpressed plunger 37. Secured to the index wheel 36 are formers 38 corresponding in number and spacing to the apertures of the wheel. These formers have contours which correspond respectively with the contours of the various cutters which are to be ground on the machine. By withdrawing the plunger 37, the operator, by means of the hand wheel 35, can turn any desired former into position to engage the abutment 32. This former will be locked in operative position by permitting the plunger 37 to engage the corresponding aperture in the wheel 36.

Before grinding can take place, the cutter support must be vertically adjusted with respect to the wheel axis so as to bring the front face of the tooth to be ground at an elevation somewhat above the axis of the wheel. This is necessary in order that the wheel may properly relieve the tooth. The exact difference in elevation will depend to some extent on the diameter of the cutter, on the diameter of the wheel and on the amount of relief required.

In operation, the cutter A is put in place on the arbor 2, as shown, and the corresponding former is indexed into operative position. Then, with the edge face of the former in engagement with the edge face of the abutment 32, the slide 21 is adjusted forward by means of the screw 22 to bring the cutter into engagement with the grinding wheel 1 at the aforesaid line of intersection. Such engagement having been secured, the slide 21 is locked in position and then the turntable 16 is swung about the axis of the pivot pin 19, the former 38 being kept at all times in firm engagement with the face of the abutment 32. For convenience of the operator in moving the turntable 16, there is preferably provided a knurled handle As already stated, the face of the abutment 32 is in perpendicular alinement with the line of intersection between the grinding wheel and the plane of the cutter tooth, and it will therefore be clear that the cutter tooth will be ground so that every point along its contour is in perpendicular alinement with the corresponding point on the former 3S. lVhen one tooth has been ground, the cutter is indexed and the next tooth is similarly ground, this operation being repeated until all of the teeth of the which makes it possible for the former to be held in engagement with the abutment notwithstanding the non-circular contour thereof. Preferably, however, in order that the movement of the slide 17 may be reduced to a minimum, the several formers are so positioned on the wheel 36 that the approximate center of curvature of each of them is in alinement will the axis of the pivot pin 19 when the former is in operative position. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 3, the formers for the larger sized cutters project farther out from the wh el than do the formers for the smaller sized cutters.

Preferably I provide means such as a spring whereby the former 38 is automatically held in engagement with the abutment 32 during the turning movement of the turntable. Such a means has important advantages in that it applies a pressure which is the same for all of the teeth of the cutter. f reliance were placed upon manually applied pressure, it would fro fently happen that the operator would supply more pressure for one tooth than for another, thus springing the several parts to different extents and causing some teeth to be ground to a greater depth than others. The mechanism which is illustrated comprises a segmental gear L0 which meshes with rack teeth ll formed on the under side of the slide 17. his segmental gear is mountei'l on a rock shaft 4-2 to which is secured a handle 53 and a depending arm li having notch 4th. Horizontally pivoted to the saddle at 46 is a lever l? carrying a spring-pressed plunge 4T8 adapted to be seated in the notch in the arm. l i. "l Zhen the parts are in the positions shown in 3, the springpressed plunger 48 tends to s ing the arm iel and the gear segment 40 in the couuterclockwise direction, thus tending to move the slide 17 backward and press former 38 against the abutment ll hen one tooth has been ground, the operator, by means of the handle can move the slide 17 back far enough to permit indexing of the cutter. will be seen this baclo ward movement takes place a. unst the re sistance of the spring-pressed plunger e3. hen the cutter has been completely ground, the lever 47 is moved to the position shown in Fig. 2, thus diseneaging the plunger 48 from the lever 414;. Then the operator, by means of the handle l3, can move the slide 17 back far enough to permit the cutter to be removed and a new one put in place. After that the slide 1'? is restored to its origiand position and the lever 4c? is moved back to the position she vn in 3, the beveled lower end of the are a l forcing the phi 'er 48 backward and guiding it into the? nu in order to protect the working parts as far as possible from dust and the pro-" of abrasion, and also from water in case the machine is used for wet grinding, I provide a cover 49 which fits over the turntable l6 and which cooperates with a shirt 50 formed on the turntable to entirely inclose the upper parts of the mechanism.

l: have already stated that the line of intersection between the plane of the front face of the tooth being ground and the surface of the wheel is in perpendicular aliuement with the edge face of the abutment 32; and l have stated that a dressing tool is provided whereby the wheel may be dressed Irem time to time as it wears. The dressing tool is so related to the wheel that the aforesaid line of intersection remains in the same relation to the abutment notwithstanding the successive dressings of the wheel. 1 provide a wheel dressing tool 51 which has its point located preferably in the vertical plane of the edge face of the abutment and preferably also in the plane of the front face of the tooth being ground, this latter plane in the present case being a horizontal one passing through the axis of the cutter arbor 2. lnasmuch as the dressing tool is to have its point always at the same level as that of the axis of the cutter arbor 9., the dressing tool is preferably so mounted that it will be vertically adjusted with the cutter arbor. As shown, the cross rail 1= l carries a saddle whicn preferably the same ways engaged by the aforesaid saddie 15. Secured to the upper part of the saddle is a bracket 53 which extends encwise and which supports the dressing tool 51 at a position adjacent the wheel 1; Preferably the bracket 53 is removable so that the dressing tool will not be in the way of the operator during the grinding operation. As illustrated, the bracket is slotted and is engaged by a screw 54 having a knurled head. The screw serves to hold the bracket firmly in place during the wheel dressoperation, but by loosening the screw it is possible to remove the bracket. Secured to or formed on the bracket is a boss 55 which has a vertical front sur are accurately ground to lie in the same vertical plane as the front face of the abutment 32, this relationship being clearly shown in Fig. 2. This boss 55 serves as a guide for setting the dressing tool 51. In setting, the operator applies a straight edge to the boss 55 and then adjusts the tool so that its point contacts with the straight edge. The boss in this way serves as a convenient means for locating the point of the dressing tool exactly in the vertical plane of the front face of the abutment 39.. The position of the dressing tool 51 in the bracket is such that the point of the lies in the s :e horizontal plane the axis of ll cutter arbor 2. hen the dressing tool has been once adjusted it does not thereafter have to be moved except when necess compensate for wear on the tool itself. No changes in the position of the tool are necessary on account of different sizes of cut ters or different sizes of wheels.

When the dressing tool has been set as described, the wheel is adjusted forward into engagement with the tool by turning the screw hen the wheel has been brought into engagement with the tool the saddle 52 is reciprocated along the cross rail, thus carrying the tool across the face of the wheel. Preferably, for moving the saddle 52, there is provided a pinion 56 carried by a short transverse rotatable shaft 57 on the saddle. The pinion 56 meshes with a rack 58 on the cross rail, and tl e shaft 53' is provided with a handle 59 by means of which it may be turned. The operator, by turning the handle 59, can move the saddle bacl: and forth and thus move the dressing tool back and forth across the face of the wheel.

ll 'hat I claim is:

1. In a cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel having a convex grinding face, a cutter support for holding a cutter in engagement with the face of the wheel and for moving it relatively to the wheel to effect grinding along a line which is predetermined and normally fixed notwithstanding differences in the size of the cutter, a dressing tool movable along the said fixed line, and means for adjusting the wheel into engagement with the tool whereby its grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear.

2. In a cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel having a convex grinding face, a cutter support for holding a cutter in engagement with the face of the wheel and for moving it relatively to the wheel to effect grinding alon a line parallel to the wheel axis, the said line being predetermined and normally fixed notwithstanding differences in the size of the cutter, a dressing tool movable along the said fixed line, and means for adjusting the wheel into engagement with the tool whereby its grinding face is always main tained at the said line notwithstanding wear.

3. in a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, means for effecting relative horizontal. adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always i11- tersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in predetermined fixed relation to the face of the abutment, means supplemental to the cutter for determining the relative adjustment to the said line of intersection, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in predetermined fixed relation to the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

4:. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixedwith respect to the wheel, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always intersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment, means supplemental to the cutter for determining the relative adjustment to the said line of intersection, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the. cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edgeface of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the said tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

5. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, a dressing tool movable along a line in the plane of the said tooth face and in fixed relation to the face of the abutment, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the tool to cause engagn'ient whereby the grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in fixed relation to the tooth so that the said tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

(3. in a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having avertical edge face normally lined with respect to the wheel, a dressing tool movable along a line in the plane of the said tooth face and in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the tool to cause engagement whereby the grii'iding face is alys maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face oi the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and. being in vertical alinement with the tooth so that the sale tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

7. in a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel race, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the whel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally lined with respect to the wheel, means for adjusting the wheel horizontally to cause the wheel face to always intersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in vertical alinement with the time of the abutment, means supplemental to the cutte for determining the adjustment of: the wheel to the said line, and m ans fi'ieludingg a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement betw en the cutter and ti wheel, the edge "face of the terms;- no the so that the tooth 's ground to the co the former.

8. ln a contour cutter ,g im'lingr machine,

the combination of it nor sally fixed rotatable grinding wheel, a horirontall v movable cutter support for holding; a cutter with the front face ot a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, a normally fixed abutment having; a vertical. edge lace, means for eitlecting' relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel ani'l the abutment to cause the wheel taco to always intersect the plane of the said tooth lace along line in vertical alincment with the "face of the abutnn nt, leans supplemental to the cutter for rictcrminingr the djustment of the wheel to the a id line, and means including a movable torn-1e. For guiding the horizontal movement of the cutter, the edge face of the former engaging: the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

9. In a contour cutter grinding machine,

, c w the combination of a normally hired rotatable grinding wheel a horizontally movable cutter support for holding a cutter and of the abutment and being in vertical :1 incment with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

10. In a cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support tor holding a cutter in engagement with the face of the wheel and for moving it horizontally relatively to the wheel to effect grinding along a predetermined normally fixed line, means footing relative vertical adjustment between the cutter and the wheel, means for horizontally adjusting the wheel whereby its grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding the said relative vertical adjustment, and means supplemental to the cutter for (retermining; the relative horizontal adjustment to ti c said line.

11. .ln a cutter grinding machine, combination of a rotatable grind a cutter support for holding; a cutt gran'ement with the face oi he wheel, re,

tivc horizontal movement being er; between the cutter and the v ieel to grinding; along a predetermined norm fixed line, a dressing tool movabc along said line, means for eil'ecting relative vein cal adjustment between the cutter and tool and the wheel, and means for etlecting relative horizontal adjustment between he wheel and the tool where y its ,o rinr face is always maintained at the said notwithstanding wear and nowithstanding; the said relative vertical o L ustment. l2. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination. of a rotatable gz rindj 1, wheel, a cutter support tor holding; a cuttor with the "front face 01 a tooth SUlJStMltia ly horizontal and Sit an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement 12 being" permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical. edge taco normally fixed with respect to the wheel, means tor effecting relative vertical a" justment l'lGlTWQGIl t 1e cutter and. the wheel, means for etl'ectin relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always intersect the plane or". the said tooth i along a line in vertical alinement with the 13' face of the abutment notwithstanding the said relative ve rtical adjustment, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

13. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face norinally fixed with respect to the wheel, a dressing tool movable along a line in the plane of the said tooth face and in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment, means for effecting relative vertical adjustment between the cutter and tool and the wheel, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the tool to cause engagement whereby the grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear and notwithstanding the said relative vertical adjustment, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the tooth. is ground to the contour of the former.

let. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, means for vertically adjusting the cutter, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always intersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment notwithstanding the said vertical adj ustment, and means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being, in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

15. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, a dressing tool movable along a line in the plane of the said tooth face and in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment, means for vertically adjusting the cutter and tool, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the tool to cause engagement whereby the grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear and notwithstanding the said vertical adjustment, and means including a former forguiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

16. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed rotatable grinding wheel, a horizontally movable cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, a normally fixed abutment having a vertical edge face, means for effecting relative vertical adjustment between the wheel and the cuttor, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always'intersect the plane of the said tooth face along a normally fixed line in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment notwithstanding the said relative vertical adjustment, and mwans including a movable former for guiding the horizontal movement of the i utter, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alincmcnt with the said tooth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

17. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed rotatable grinding wheel, a horizontally movable cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially hori zontal and at an angle to the wheel face, a normally fixed abutment having a vertical edge face, a dressing tool movable along'a normally fixed line in the plane of the said tooth face and in vertical alinement with the face of the abutment, means for effecting relative vertical adjustment between the cutter and tool and the wheel, means for clfccting rc.ative horizontal adjustment betwccn the wheel and the tool to cause engcincut whereby the grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear and mtwithstamling the said relativ vertical adjustment, and means including a movable former for guiding the horizontal movement of the cutter, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment and being in vertical alinement with the said teeth so that the tooth is ground to the contour of the forn'ier.

18. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always in tersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in predetermined fixed relation to the face of the abutment, means supplemental to the cutter for determining the relative adjustment to the line of intersection, means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge of "the former engaging the edge face of the abutment, and means for effecting relative hori zontal adjustment between the cutter and former to bring them into vertical aline ment so that the said tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

19. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal and at a angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, a dressing tool movable along a line in the plane of the said tooth.fzu: c,.means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment be tween the wheel and the tool to cause engagement whereby the grinding face is always maintained at the said line notwithstanding wear, means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment, and means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the cutter and former to bring them into vertical a-linement so that the said tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

20. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a rotatable grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter with the front face of a tooth substantially horizontal. and an angle to the wheel face, relative horizontal movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an abutment having a vertical edge face normally fixed with respect to the wheel, means for effecting relative vertical adjustment between the cutter and the wheel, means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the wheel and the abutment to cause the wheel face to always intersect the plane of the said tooth face along a line in predetermined fixed relation to the face of the abutment notwithstanding the said relative vertical adjustment, means supplemental to toe cutter for determining the relative adjustment to the said line of intersection, means including a former for guiding the relative horizontal movement between the cutter and the wheel, the edge face of the former engaging the edge face of the abutment, and means for effecting relative horizontal adjustment between the cutter and former to bring them into vertical alineinent so that the said tooth is ground to the contour of the former.

21. In a contour cutter grinding ma chine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a cutter support permitting relative movement between the cutter and the wheel and holding a cutter with the face of a tooth at an angle to the wheel face, a dressing tool positioned to engage the wheel face along a line in the plane of the said tooth face, an abutment having its edge face in fixed perpendicular alinement with the a oresaid line, a guide having a definite relation to the abutment and serving as a means for setting the dressing tool, and means ineluding a former engaging the abutment for guiding the relative movement between the cutter and the wheel.

22. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a movable cutter support, a movable dressing tool positioned to enthe wheel face along a predetermined line, an abutment having its edge face in fixed perpendicular alinement with the aforesaid line, a guide movable with the dressing tool and positioned with its face in alinement with the face of the abutment, the guide serving as a means for setting the dressing tool, and means including a former engaging the abutment for guiding the relative movement between the cutter and the wheel.

23. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a bodily movable cross rail approximately parallel to the wheel. axis, two saddles each carried by the cross rail and independently adjustable therealong, a dressing tool carried by one saddle and adapted to engage the wheel face, and a cutter support carried by the other saddle and adapted to hold. a cutter with the face of a tooth at an angle to the wheel face.

2%. In a contour cutter grinding ma chine. the combination of a grinding wheel, a bodily movable cross rail approximately parallel to the wheel axis, two saddles each carried by the cross rail and independently adjustable therealong, a dressing tool carried by one saddle and adapted to engage the wheel face, a cutter support carried by the other saddle and adapted to hold a cutter with the face of a tooth at an angle to the wheel face, and means for adjusting the cutter support relatively to its saddle toward or from the Wheel.

25. In a contour cutter grinding ma chine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a bodily movable cross rail approximately parallel to the wheel axis, two saddles each carried by the cross rail and independently adjustable therealong, a dressing tool carried by one saddle and adapted to engage the wheel face, a cutter support carried by the other saddle and adapted to hold a cutter with the face of a tooth at an angle to the wheel face, and means for moving the cutter support relatively to its saddle and to the wheel to effect grinding of the cutter.

' 26. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a bodily movable cross rail approximately parallel to the wheel axis movable toward or from the grinding wheel, two saddles each carried by the cross rail and independently adjustable therealong, a dressing tool carried by one saddle and adapted to engage the wheel face, a cutter support carried by the other saddle and adapted to hold a cutter with the face of a tooth at an angle to the wheel face, and means for adjusting the wheel toward or from the dressing tool.

27. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, manually operable means for effecting relative movement between the cutter and the wheel, a former in fixed relation with the cutter support for guiding the said relative movement, an abutment for the former, and means for maintaining a uniform pressure between the former and the abutment as relative movement occurs, the said uniform pressure being maintained irrespective of the pressure applied manually to effect relative movement.

28. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a manually movable cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, a former movable with the cutter support for guiding the movement thereof, an abutment for the former, and means for maintaining a uniform pressure between the former and the abutment as the former is moved, the said uniform pressure being maintained irrespective of the pressure applied manually to effect movement of the cutter support and former.

29. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, an angularly movable cutter support for holdlng a cutter 1n grinding relation with the wheel, a former movable with the cutter support for guiding the movement thereof, manually operable means for moving the cutter support and the former, an abutment for the former, and means for maintaining a uniform pressure between the former and the abutment as the former is moved, the said uniform pressure being maintained irrespective of the pressure applied manually to effect movement of the cutter support and former.

30. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a movable cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, a former movable with the cutter support for guiding the movement thereof, an abutment for the former, means for maintaining a uniform pressure between the former and the abutment as the former is moved, and means for releasing the last said means to permit the former to be separated from the abutment.

31. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, a bodily movable pivot about which the cutter support is angularly movable, a former angularly movable with the cutter support about the said bodily movable pivot, and an abutment for the former enabling it to guide the combined bodily and pivotal movements of the cutter support.

32. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a normally fixed grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, a slide movable toward and from the wheel, a pivotal connection between the cutter support and the slide, a former movable with the cutter support relatively to the slide, and an abutment for the former enabling it to guide the combined bodily and pivotal movements of the cutter support.

33. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, relative movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, a plurality of formers, and means for moving the formers relatively to the cutter support whereby any former may be used to guide the said relative movement between the cutter and the wheel.

34. In a contour cutter grinding machine, the combination of a grinding wheel, a cutter support for holding a cutter in grinding relation with the wheel, relative movement being permitted between the cutter and the wheel, an index wheel, and a plurality of formers connected with the index wheel whereby any one of them can be moved into 35g Lasagna position to guide the said relative move forflmoving the formers relatively to the: ment. cutter support whereby any former may be 10 35'. In a contour cutter grinding machine, used to guide the said relative movement the combination of a normally fixed grindbetweenthe cutter and: the wheel.

x ing Wheel, a movable cutter support for In testimony whereof, I hereto afiix my holding a cutter in grinding relation with signature. the wheel, a plurality of formers bodily movable with: the cutter support and means FRIEDERICH MULLER. 

